We review here recent contributions of molecular markers to grapevine identification, breeding and study of genetic relationships among varieties. The accurate identification has become a major concern of the modern viticulture. Traditional procedures, mainly based on morphological data, are time consuming and labor extensive. Molecular markers have been developed that permits easy and accurate identification. Grapevine breeding has been tradition ally based on clone selection, which aims to uncover valuable genotypes within each variety. For some breeding goals, neither clone selection nor cross breeding, that face cultural, technical and economical constraints, are useful. The use of molecular markers may simplify the process of, clone selection, cross breeding and the development of genetic engineered grapevine. Genetic relationships among grapevine varieties, has been hardly investigated. A combination of data from different molecular markers may probably be the best choice.