The breeding program of Latxa and Carranzana dairy sheeps (natives of the Basque Country) started in 1984. This program has been adapted to specific conditions of the breeds. The management system is traditional, based on communal land use, usually for more than five months. This fact determines the reproduction system, which has negative effect on the breeding program. In spite of the great amount of problems in the program development (low percentage of ewes in milking recording program, connection between flocks, weaning system, low percentage of artificial inseminations (AI), low fertility of AI, low profitability of rams, time necessary for ramtesting, etc..) the phenotypic and genetic improvement is positive. The annual phenotypic increase in milk production lies, according ecotypes, between 1.3% and 3%, whereas estimated genetic progresses are between 0.8% and 1.1%.