Animal improvement, Conservation, Inbreeding, Genetic diversity, Small populations,
Effective population size
Summary:
The genetic management of small populations, irrespective of the objective pursued, it is conditioned
by their census. Actually the distinction between conservation and selection programmes tends to
vanish because in both types of programmes attention should be paid to the increase of inbreeding
and to the maintenance or improvement of some traits of interest. To maintain genetic diversity the
criterion to follow is to maximize the effective population size. For this purpose several simple rules
have been developed during the last decades although there exist also a sophisticated solution, probably
optimal. For selection programmes there are also simple rules and an optimal solution although
now the desired genetic progress should be included. The design of optimal mating systems, although
it presents more problems from a theoretical point of view, it has also a reasonable practical solution.
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